Given the highly lipophilic nature of CBD 50 , its administration in a lipid solvent MCT oil in the present study may have increased its bioavailability Rectal temperature was measured pre-dose time 0 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 h post-dose Depending on the severity of your dog's health concerns, higher doses of CBD and giving a dose of CBD multiple times each day is common Depending on the severity of your dog's health concerns, higher doses of CBD and giving a dose of CBD multiple times each day is common. Our study was also a preliminary safety study and, as such, a small number of animals were used, which is a limitation And you can use cannabis to help balance the side effects of chemotherapy and other western treatment We'll delve into our top tips for determining the optimal dose in just a moment How long does CBD last? Each dose—whether from oil or chews—lasts from hours Certified Cbd Balm For Dog Made In Denver Despite these changes, body weights remained stable throughout the study period across the five groups Despite these changes, body weights remained stable throughout the study period across the five groups. Two different placebo oils were used since the cannabinoid oils included either SF or MCT oil as solvents There is no shortage of research data demonstrating the efficacy of cannabis for a host of disease conditions, including pain and inflammation Medical cannabis can be of great benefit to animals in pain LP was responsible for data analysis and interpretation and writing of the manuscript Likewise, you don't need to give your large dog handfuls of CBD treats when there are chews packed with enough CBD in one bight Likewise, you don't need to give your large dog handfuls of CBD treats when there are chews packed with enough CBD in one bight. I spoke to her about how she uses cannabis in personalized treatment for animals suffering from different cancers Or maybe you'll decide they only need it ahead of stressful events like 4th of July weekend Most dogs start responding to CBD within minutes so we recommend giving CBD an hour before stressful events such as a trip to the groomer to be safe .

Most dogs start responding to CBD within minutes so we recommend giving CBD an hour before stressful events such as a trip to the groomer to be safe

Our extra strength oils have a limited ingredient profile that's suitable for topical use Dog Licks More With Cbd Oil The good news for you is that we're a small-batch pet supplement company, and we've been making holistic CBD dog treats and CBD oils since - so, if you're looking for a beginner's guide to finding the right CBD dosage for dogs and the best advice on getting the desired results, you're in the right place! CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a natural compound found in the hemp plant The good news for you is that we're a small-batch pet supplement company, and we've been making holistic CBD dog treats and CBD oils since - so, if you're looking for a beginner's guide to finding the right CBD dosage for dogs and the best advice on getting the desired results, you're in the right place! CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a natural compound found in the hemp plant. Static Ataxia For the remaining nine doses, dogs receiving the THC oil experienced between a 2- and 3-fold greater number of AEs per dose vs Indeed, there is evidence in rodents 33 — 37 and humans 38 that CBD can potentiate, rather than antagonize, the psychoactive and physiological effects of THC e

Treatments were administered to fasted dogs by oral gavage Front Vet Sci With respect to the remaining CBC and clinical chemistry parameters, blood collected 24 h following the final dose of the cannabinoid oils showed only a few abnormalities as based on laboratory reference ranges Given the multitude of factors that can affect the proportion of constituents in the cannabis plant light, temperature, humidity, soil type during cultivation, plant genetics and a final formulation extraction procedures used , our findings are most relevant to our investigated oil-based formulations and may not be applicable to the safety of other marketed formulations consisting of a different profile of cannabinoids and other cannabis constituents e Fergus, ON, Canada Fergus, ON, Canada. The goal with cannabis therapy in pets is to relieve the symptom being treated with no other side effects Thus, it appears that repeated daily dosing of lower cannabinoid doses can achieve comparable plasma CBD or THC levels to acutely administered higher doses The approximate cumulative CBD dose administration from the first to ninth dose was Extracts of THC and CBD have been shown to provide relief in human patients with advanced cancer pain2 as well as in those with nerve-related pain Hemp Oil Vs Cbd Dogs Intake of the ninth dose of the CBD oil Intake of the ninth dose of the CBD oil . Your dog's health and happiness are the top priorities, so let's explore some essential aspects to ensure you make an informed decision Monitor your pet closely and keep a journal to record the effects Ultimately, however, safe and effective use of cannabis requires an understanding of the milligram amounts of THC and CBD or other cannabinoids , the ratio of cannabinoids, and availability of a medicine in a concentration appropriate for dosing a veterinary patient CBD's lack of interaction with orthosteric sites of CB1 receptors 49 is a plausible explanation for the fewer and less severe AEs experienced by dogs receiving CBD oil The dotted line corresponds to a rectal temperature of The dotted line corresponds to a rectal temperature of . Our findings provide support for continuing research on CBD's safety profile and potential therapeutic uses in dogs so that it may be considered a treatment option in veterinary medicine Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects Online surveys also provide data that pet owners in the U Up to 10 escalating doses of the oils were planned for administration Table 1 , with at least 3 days separating doses Full Spectrum Cbd Deal For Dog Made In Denver With age however, comes the onset of problems such as arthritis and other forms of pain and inflammation With age however, comes the onset of problems such as arthritis and other forms of pain and inflammation. .

In dogs, CBD has shown to be well-tolerated at doses ranging from 2 to 2 Exclusion criteria were pregnant or lactating dogs; use of medications or supplements during the course of the study; receipt of cannabinoid or cancer-related therapies in 2 months preceding study start; receipt of any test substance within a month prior to study start; existing or a history of cancer, blood- or immunology-related disease or other chronic morbidity including open wounds, psoriatic or allergic skin conditions, chronic diarrhea, chronic oral gum or tooth disease, or cardiovascular disease If you want to use CBD topically, make sure you choose a product that does not contain any animal-based ingredients One of four dogs in the THC oil group experienced severe ataxia at the 7th dose and was discontinued from further dosing While this may be a tempting leverage point for those who wish to stop or slow the use of cannabis in veterinary medicine, consider how many veterinary drugs and treatment protocols have their beginnings in laboratory models or human studies While this may be a tempting leverage point for those who wish to stop or slow the use of cannabis in veterinary medicine, consider how many veterinary drugs and treatment protocols have their beginnings in laboratory models or human studies. Twenty-four healthy Beagle dogs were acclimated to study conditions for 24 days prior to treatment allocation Following administration of the cannabinoid or placebo oils, animals were monitored up to 9 h post-dose for body temperature measured rectally , respiration rate by observation , and heart rate stethoscope The following is a guide to choosing ratios for treating pain and inflammation in animals British Journal of Pharmacology Is There A Difference Between Cbd For Humans And Dogs The favorable safety profile of 10 escalating doses of a CBD oil containing The favorable safety profile of 10 escalating doses of a CBD oil containing . It's important to remember that while CBD offers many potential benefits, its effectiveness can vary from one dog to another When dosing with higher levels of THC, start low, and slowly increase the dose There were no abnormal physical findings of the dogs on final examinations conducted by the facility's veterinarian

With respect to changes in clinical chemistry parameters suggestive of altered liver function, while possibly not clinically pathologic, we interpreted a notable change to be: i at least a 2-fold increase from baseline to post final dose timepoints 24 h or 7 days in total bilirubin or plasma levels of liver enzymes [alkaline phosphatase ALP , alanine aminotransferase ALT , aspartate aminotransferase AST , gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase GGTP ]; and ii the post final dose level 24 h or 7 days in the above parameters reached or exceeded the upper limit of normal

Clinical Significance: Dogs tolerated the THC:CBD formulation well at low and medium doses, but clinically meaningful neurological signs were observed at high doses

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management,39 2 , Additionally, it can promote the production of natural cannabinoids within the dog's body, further assisting in maintaining balance and overall well-being homeostasis They tend to stagger as they walk, sway while standing and keep a wide gate and rigid stance J Amer Hol Med Assoc The inclusion criteria for the study were good general health as determined by the veterinarian; stable weight over a day period preceding study start and a weight of 9—15 kg; and, under 8 years of age The inclusion criteria for the study were good general health as determined by the veterinarian; stable weight over a day period preceding study start and a weight of 9—15 kg; and, under 8 years of age. Select cannabinoid and terpene analysis of the cannabis oil formulations And please be sure to consult with your veterinarian when changing your pet's wellness routine, especially if your pet is on medication or being treated for a specific condition Forms of Cannabis Medicine for Pets Medical cannabis for pets usually comes as a liquid oil or as treats Many dogs will lick CBD oil straight out of a little dish My Dog Ate All The Cbd Treats Their normal patterns of behavior should be unaltered after receiving the therapy Their normal patterns of behavior should be unaltered after receiving the therapy. Discussion In our study, a CBD-predominant oil consumed via 10 escalating doses containing You can give your pet CBD as often as needed - many pet owners give CBD morning and night, plus an extra dose on tough days or before stressful events like a visit to the groomer THC, a CB1 receptor partial agonist, has a high affinity for CB1 receptors 48 and is capable of binding and activating them at orthosteric sites 45 , .

It is because of this, as well as stringent laws regarding their ability to advise on cannabis for pets, that many vets refuse to recommend or even discuss cannabis for pets The greatest difference between the CBD oil and THC oil groups with respect to the occurrence of AEs occurred at the first dose at which point there was a 7-fold difference in the average number of AEs experienced per dog Figure 3 The greatest difference between the CBD oil and THC oil groups with respect to the occurrence of AEs occurred at the first dose at which point there was a 7-fold difference in the average number of AEs experienced per dog Figure 3. Presence and severity of clinical signs correlated with plasma cannabinoid concentrations Otherwise, it's simply a matter of mixing their oil with a bit of peanut butter, goat milk, or other enticing dishes Zgair et al Staff at VivoCore Inc Turmeric And Cbd Oil Product For Dogs Another veterinarian who has actual experience working with cannabis medicine is Dr Another veterinarian who has actual experience working with cannabis medicine is Dr. This is risky business for older pets who may react badly to the intense stress caused by the psychoactive effects of THC AEs were reported in all dogs across the five groups and the majority Comparing the 7 days post final dose ALP levels for these two dogs to the h post final dose levels showed a downward trend Table 4 Consult with an expert or veterinarian Author Contributions DV and JK were responsible for conception of the study, data analysis, and provided intellectual input on the manuscript Author Contributions DV and JK were responsible for conception of the study, data analysis, and provided intellectual input on the manuscript. Overnight fasting of the dogs in the present study prior to dosing may have also improved bioavailability These blood collections occurred during acclimation baseline , mid-study after five doses of placebo oil, and three doses of cannabinoid oils , and 7 days following the final dose of the cannabinoid or placebo oils As a general rule, oils tend to kick in a little faster than a treat soft chew because there are fewer ingredients for furry bellies to break down first .

It's important to note that rounding up or down to simplify serving CBD to your dog is absolutely acceptable What Is The Cost Of Cbd Oil For Dogs While the exact mechanisms are still understudied, the potential benefits for dogs are becoming increasingly apparent, making it a promising option for managing various health conditions While the exact mechanisms are still understudied, the potential benefits for dogs are becoming increasingly apparent, making it a promising option for managing various health conditions.

Here's a handy cheat sheet of popular dog breeds and their general weights

Information about treatment groups and their respective treatment conditions were securely kept in the VivoCore Inc How to Choose the Right Medicine When considering cannabis as a medical option for the treatment of pain and inflammation, it is important to understand how the various components of a cannabis preparation may affect your pet How to Choose the Right Medicine When considering cannabis as a medical option for the treatment of pain and inflammation, it is important to understand how the various components of a cannabis preparation may affect your pet. These can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and quality of a CBD product Of the three cannabinoid oil formulations tested, dose escalation of the CBD-predominant oil formulation was the most tolerated by dogs up to a maximum dose of This depends on different factors, including your dog's metabolism, if they're taking CBD on a full or empty stomach, and the type of CBD product you've chosen In our study, there was a lower proportion of constitutional and neurological AEs following intake of CBD oil vs Even if the THC toxicity is not excessive, they can sometimes have problems due to these other ingredients Even if the THC toxicity is not excessive, they can sometimes have problems due to these other ingredients. Always consult with your veterinarian before beginning cannabis therapy for your pet Dog owners' use and perceptions of cannabis products This can damage their lungs and can lead to accidental overdose Hazzah has been practicing with Chinese herbal medicine and cannabis medicine for years, while working as an oncologist at the busy Los Angeles VCA Animal Hospital If the math suggests your dog should start with 5 If the math suggests your dog should start with 5. Give your dog the same dose of CBD, at the same time for at least 3 days to get a good understanding of how it works for them CBD Dosing 0 Frontiers in Veterinary Science,5 Most dogs will gladly scarf down our CBD soft chews especially since they're all made with a dog-favorite peanut butter and apple base Unlike pet foods, CBD products for pets aren't regulated as rigorously, making it essential to look for businesses that prioritize transparency and quality Unlike pet foods, CBD products for pets aren't regulated as rigorously, making it essential to look for businesses that prioritize transparency and quality. Similarly, edibles for humans should not be given to your pet as they are impossible to dose accurately and they may contain ingredients such as raisins, chocolate, etc Animals: Twenty healthy Beagle dogs 10 males, 10 females The placebo oils were delivered up to 10 escalating volumes, the CBD oil up to the tenth dose .

The placebo oils were delivered up to 10 escalating volumes, the CBD oil up to the tenth dose

Moreover, the amounts delivered across the two placebo oils differed to match the volumes administered with the cannabinoid oils

Seven days following intake of the last tenth dose of the CBD oil

Neurological signs hyperesthesia or proprioceptive deficits were noted in five of six dogs in the high-dose group, but only occasionally or rarely in the medium- and low-dose groups, respectively A sample batch consisted of the following: 3 replicates of a system suitability standard containing the analyte and internal standard , calibration standards in ascending order including a blank sample without internal standard , a zero sample with internal standard , and 10 non-zero standards, the assay samples, followed by the 3 replicates of the system suitability sample Following intake of the ninth dose of the THC oil

Conclusions and clinical significance: Overall, dogs tolerated dose escalation of the CBD oil well, experiencing only mild AEs Mild AEs accounted for of the total study AEs Mild AEs occurred in all subjects and mainly manifested as gastrointestinal nausea, emesis, diarrhea , constitutional lethargy, hyperesthesia , or neurological muscle tremor, ataxia symptoms Figure 2 If your vet has any questions about our CBD or ingredients, we're happy to help answer them! Should your pet eat an entire package of our soft chews let me guess, you have a labrador we do recommend that you consult your veterinarian and be possibly prepared to treat them for an upset tummy, simply from eating too many chews! Cat and canine CBD receptors are very similar Environmental controls for the animal housing area were electronically set to maintain a temperature of Keep in mind that each dog's metabolism is unique, so observing their response will give you the best answer Consider other medications being given concurrently with respect to possible drug interactions Johnson, J The majority of AEs in each of the five groups, and collectively across all five groups, were mild Reasonable requests to access the datasets should be directed to Phil Shaer phil All technicians collecting data and administering the investigational products were blinded to treatment allocation Conventional pharmaceuticals commonly used to treat pain sometimes have a negative impact on the immune system, GI tract, liver, and kidneys Since , there have been significant advances in clinical research by reputable scientific institutions around the world Suppression of locomotor activity hypolocomotion , catalepsy, and hypothermia have been observed across species dogs, cats, rodents, chickens and associated with exposure to cannabis, THC, or THC and CBD in combination, but not CBD alone 33 , 37 , 42 — Keep in mind that the CBD molecule itself is the same regardless of the product type .

Static Ataxia Static ataxia is a term used to describe the physical state dogs get into when they have a lot of THC Smiths Falls, ON, Canada and stored between

Much of the foundation for the use of cannabis in animals is based on studies in laboratory models and in humans along with anecdotal evidence to support efficacy

CBD is a relatively new concept for many humans, as well as our dogs and cats - so it's understandable that it can feel a little intimidating when just starting out

By: Gary Richter, MS, DVM The state of veterinary medicine has advanced significantly in recent years and thanks to the availability of more effective medicine, many pets are living longer than they would have years ago The evidence suggests there is a growing interest in the potential therapeutic uses of cannabinoids in companion animals Introduction As a result of changing cannabis regulatory frameworks and social perceptions globally, there is a renewed interest in the potential therapeutic properties of cannabinoids across multiple stakeholders, including the veterinary community DOI: No clinically meaningful changes in blood count or chemistry values occurred after multiple CHE doses The interaction depends on whether CBD is administered prior to THC pharmacokinetic interaction more likely or concurrently with THC pharmacodynamic interaction more likely 7 , 34 , 39 and also on the dose ratio of the compounds 39 , Dogs that are treated with a product containing more THC may be more prone to static ataxia and other side effects, but usually those effects are dampened over time and can be avoided by starting on a low dose and working up to your desired treatment With the occurrence of a severe AE, blood was drawn immediately, and 24 h and 7 days thereafter Cannabis Use and Pets All abnormalities resolved 7 days following the final dose Others have also observed high variability in cannabinoid CBD, THC blood concentrations across dogs in single dose pharmacokinetic studies 16 , 19 and repeated administration studies 21 , which may be explained by differences in absorption rates or cannabinoid metabolism across subjects Research trials have shown profound pain-relieving effects from cannabis for a variety of medical conditions You may also find it helpful to give your dog an extra dose of CBD on tough days or before stressful events many dog owners give extra CBD throughout 4th of July weekend to help their pets deal with neighborhood fireworks Total number of mild AEs per anatomic category .

The ideal approach may involve having both options available in your pet care toolkit, allowing you the flexibility to give your pet their regular dose with a CBD oil at home and a "CBD treat" when you're out in the world It interacts with the endocannabinoid system in both humans and animals, offering potential benefits like reducing anxiety and relieving pain At Austin and Kat, we use broad-spectrum hemp extract, which retains all the goodness of the hemp plant except the THC, which is removed with a cold extraction method Kogan LR Pain Management and Joint Health CBD's anti-inflammatory properties can assist pets in managing pain associated with conditions like: arthritis pain, joint pain, or injuries, ultimately improving mobility and enhancing your dog's comfort Levels of phytocannabinoids and terpenes in the oil formulations are outlined in Table 3

Always consult with your veterinarian before beginning any new medication or supplement for your pet

Mean plasma THC at 6 h post-dose

Every dog is different All four compounds were analyzed in one run These blood collections also occurred 7 days following the final dose of the cannabinoid or placebo oils How long does it take for them to respond? And how long until it seems to 'wear off'? Once you have a good understanding of how your dog responds to CBD, you can adjust the dosing frequency and monitor for how much CBD oil to give your pet, as their needs change Because of non-proportional increases in plasma cannabinoid concentrations with increasing doses, as well as potential differences in CHE product composition and bioavailability, the possibility of adverse events and dose regimen consistency should be discussed with dog owners But as a good rule of thumb: older pups and larger dogs tend to take longer than younger ones to digest food Once the dogs were assigned to a group Groups 1 through 5 , the study coordinator randomly allocated each group to a coded product by drawing lots Novel data on the in vivo metabolism of CBD vs Relaxation and Focus CBD may contribute to a relaxed state of mind in dogs, making it easier for them to concentrate and stay focused during training sessions and other activities So, although we're here to help make supporting your dog with CBD as easy as possible, it's really important to spend some time observing your dog when first starting out with CBD US veterinarians' knowledge, experience, and perception regarding the use of cannabidiol for canine medical conditions It will take some experimenting to find the right amount to give your own fuzzballs For cats, start with 3mg of CBD per 10 lbs of body weight .

Moderate AEs manifested as constitutional lethargy, hypothermia or neurological ataxia symptoms However, for daily support, a lower dose is typically sufficient Up to 10 escalating doses of the oils were planned for administration via oral gavage, with at least 3 days separating doses Most pet parents aim for a supply that covers a few weeks to a month Data Analysis Measures of central tendency mean , variability standard deviation, standard error of mean , and all figures were generated by GraphPad Prism version 8 Consider Your Routine Chews or Oils? Administering CBD will become part of your regular routine so when choosing between CBD oils or soft chews, consider your lifestyle and your pet's preferences Can Vet J

Materials and Methods Study Design The study was randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded

Of the cannabinoid oils tested, dosing of the CBD oil had the least effect on food intake and physical activity

Avoid products with unnecessary additives, fillers, or artificial flavorings - it's just not necessary! You should also be able to access 3rd party test results of CBD's potency and purity easily Most pet products include CBD as part of a full or broad spectrum hemp extract Dogs were monitored for adverse events for up to 48 h post-dose CB1 receptors are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are more prevalent in the immune system and peripheral organs Higher doses of CBD may be beneficial in certain circumstances Clinical observations, physical examinations, complete blood counts, clinical chemistry, and plasma cannabinoids were used to assess safety, tolerability, and the occurrence of adverse events AEs The analytes were chromatographically separated on a Phenomenex Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl column 2 It is not enough to cause any psychoactive side effects and is perfectly safe In the coming years we can expect to see the secrets of cannabis medicine unlocked with even greater specificity All bottles containing the cannabinoid or placebo oil formulations were over-labeled with opaque white labels Severe AEs accounted for 4 of the total study AEs 0 This doctor is working with cases where she is treating patients with up to mg of THC in a dose and doing it completely safe Plasma levels of liver enzymes and total bilirubin were stable in the THC oil group .

Full spectrum refers to the full spectrum of cannabinoids and terpenes in the hemp plant - which means it also contains a small amount of THC Animal studies have shown that the production of these effects is dependent on cannabinoid type 1 CB1 receptor activation Unlike humans, dogs who ingest THC can show a dramatic loss of coordination, balance, and motor function CBD is known to be a potent inhibitor of hepatic drug metabolism 39 by inactivating cytochrome P enzymes Decreases in plasma THC observed in our study after 1 h are suggestive of the uptake of THC by fat tissues and highly vascularized tissues, such as the brain and muscle However, if your dog has a tough time chewing anything, you can try crumbling the chew into a bit of milk or broth Body weights were collected throughout the acclimation period, once during the study period, and once upon study completion This finding is relevant to future studies which apply a crossover design and include a washout period Canadian dog owners' use and perceptions of cannabis products While minimal, there are published data on the safety and efficacy of cannabinoids in companion animals .

It has also occurred in the past with very old dogs the first time they received a dose Read more about our hemp extract here! How does CBD help dogs? The endocannabinoid system ECS , is a complex network of receptors and transmitters that helps maintain various bodily functions Choosing the right CBD product is a significant step in ensuring your furry friend enjoys a healthier and happier life Why are Vets Scared? When we raised our concerns over the safety of cannabis and THC to Dr

This cbd dosage chart should be a good start: Part 3: How to Administer CBD to your Dog Giving your dog CBD is a breeze if you've followed our guide to choosing a product with the appropriate dose of CBD, in a form that works for your dog's weight and lifestyle

He had dogs, cats, rodents, reptiles — you name it, and Carter probably rescued it However, for specific issues like anxiety or joint pain, splitting the daily dosage into two servings may provide more consistent relief Pet-First Mindset: The best CBD products are developed specifically for pets, ensuring they are specifically designed for the unique needs and preferences of our four-legged friends If you suspect your pet may benefit from higher levels of THC and you live in one of the states where marijuana products are currently legal, that is a great option! Work with a medical cannabis professional to design a safe and effective dosing regimen that will heal your pet naturally! Growing up in a family of veterinarians, he grew up surrounded by animals Each cannabinoid or placebo oil administration was followed by a 10 mL water flush to ensure full uptake References 1 An independent laboratory RPC, Fredericton, NB analyzed the composition of the cannabinoid oil formulations using validated methods Moderate AEs accounted for 22 of the total study AEs 4 Subjects were observed for any signs that would not be expected in normal dogs and for the occurrence of AEs The dosing schedule of the placebo oils was such that two placebo doses were administered prior to the start of cannabinoid oil dosing to ascertain tolerability to increasing volumes For most ailments, the Finding the right dosage for dogs, and product is crucial, and consulting with a veterinarian before starting any CBD regimen for your dog is advisable, especially if your pet has underlying health issues or is taking other medications Especially if the oils come with graduated droppers, like ours! This level of control is the best way to ensure the CBD dosage is exactly what your pet's weight requires Monitor closely for sedation, loss of balance, or loss of mental acuity Cross-sectional human studies have shown plasma ALP to be elevated in habitual daily cannabis users 30 , 31 with hepatomegaly also observed The remaining hypothermia event occurred in the THC oil group at the third dose If you're using CBD for general wellness, a once-daily dose may suffice .

If you're using CBD for general wellness, a once-daily dose may suffice

Specifically, food intake decreased on dosing days as compared to non-dosing days by 4 She advocates openly for the importance of a healthy diet and the use of cannabis as an alternative to damaging and invasive cancer therapies, typical to western veterinary medicine Extraction was performed by super-critical carbon dioxide, and the extracted resin was diluted with a food-grade oil SF or MCT oil to the target concentration: .